Q\u0259dim xalqlar m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259ki m\u00f6vcud universal insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 konsepsiyas\u0131na malik olmam\u0131\u015flar. \u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259sl d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259si Avropa maarif\u00e7ilik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f m\u0259\u015fhur orta \u0259sr t\u0259bii h\u00fcquq \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin bir hiss\u0259si kimi yaranan t\u0259bii h\u00fcquqlar konsepsiyas\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259li qoyulsa da, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na dair m\u00fcasir m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r XX \u0259srin II yar\u0131s\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XVII \u0259sr ingilis filosofu Con Lokk \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259bii h\u00fcquqlara yer vermi\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259bii h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 «ya\u015famaq, azadl\u0131q v\u0259 m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t (\u0259mlak)» h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fdir. Lokk iddia edirdi ki, bu \u0259sas h\u00fcquqlar ictimai m\u00fcqavil\u0259d\u0259 \u0259ks etdiril\u0259 bilm\u0259z. 1689-cu ild\u0259 Britaniyada q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f H\u00fcquqlar haqq\u0131nda Bill\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n z\u00fclmkar h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri qanunsuz hesab edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 AB\u015e-da (1776) v\u0259 Fransada (1789) iki b\u00f6y\u00fck inqilab ba\u015f verdi v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq AB\u015e istiqlal b\u0259yannam\u0259si v\u0259 \u0130nsan v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si q\u0259bul edildi; h\u0259r iki s\u0259n\u0259d insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sbit edirdi. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, 1776-c\u0131 il Virciniya Haqlar B\u0259yannam\u0259si bir s\u0131ra \u0259sas v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dcmumd\u00fcnya \u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si (\u00dc\u0130HB) Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015f M\u0259clisi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f qeyri-m\u0259cburi bir b\u0259yanatd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u0259yannam\u0259 qism\u0259n \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n v\u0259h\u015filikl\u0259r\u0259 cavab olaraq 1948-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul olunub. Bu b\u0259yannam\u0259 bir qayda olaraq h\u0259m d\u00fcny\u0259vi, h\u0259m d\u0259 dini xarakterli olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda \u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin zirv\u0259si say\u0131l\u0131r. Halbuki \u00dc\u0130HB m\u0259cburi q\u0259tnam\u0259 deyil. Bel\u0259 hesab olunur ki, bu q\u0259tnam\u0259 zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 daha da \u00e7ox q\u00fcvv\u0259tl\u0259nib, \u00e7\u00fcnki laz\u0131m olduqda b\u0259zi milli v\u0259 dig\u0259r tribunallar bu q\u0259tnam\u0259y\u0259 istinad edirl\u0259r. B\u0259yannam\u0259 \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri «d\u00fcnyada azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n, \u0259dal\u0259ti v\u0259 s\u00fclh\u00fc qoruyan» insan v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n bir s\u0131ra iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131na d\u0259v\u0259t edir. Bu s\u0259n\u0259din q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si, b\u0259zi d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olan \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rini q\u0259bul etdirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 edilmi\u015f ilk beyn\u0259lxalq-h\u00fcquqi c\u0259hdi idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dc\u0130HB-nin bir hiss\u0259si b\u00fct\u00fcn qit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259sas dinl\u0259rd\u0259n olan n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq ekspertl\u0259r komit\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Mahatma Qandi kimi liderl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259m m\u00fclki v\u0259 siyasi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 iqtisadi, sosial v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n[6][8] daxil edilm\u0259si, \u0259sas insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259z oldu\u011fu v\u0259 qeyd edil\u0259n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n bir-biri il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259dar oldu\u011fu ehtimal\u0131na \u0259saslan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu prinsip q\u0259bul edil\u0259rk\u0259n he\u00e7 bir \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259t ona qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xmasa da (b\u0259yannam\u0259 Sosialist bloku, aparteid C\u0259nubi Afrika v\u0259 S\u0259udiyy\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 olmadan q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir), sonralar m\u00fch\u00fcm \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Soyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259nin ba\u015flamas\u0131, \u00dc\u0130HB-nin d\u0259rhal ard\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qdan sonra, h\u0259m iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fclki v\u0259 siyasi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n b\u0259yannam\u0259y\u0259 daxil edilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar ilkin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yol a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kapitalist d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r m\u00fclki v\u0259 siyasi h\u00fcquqlara (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 ifad\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131) b\u00f6y\u00fck diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar; iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 is\u0259 (\u0259m\u0259k h\u00fcququ v\u0259 h\u0259mkarlar ittifaq\u0131na qo\u015fulmaq h\u00fcququ kimi) b\u0259yannam\u0259y\u0259 daxil etm\u0259k ist\u0259mirdil\u0259r. Sosialist d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r is\u0259 iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial h\u00fcquqlara daha \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verirdil\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n daxil edilm\u0259sini \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dc\u0130HB-nin m\u0259cburi olmamas\u0131na baxmayaraq, o, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapan beyn\u0259lxalq insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 standartlar\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1966-c\u0131 ild\u0259 BMT t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n M\u00fclki v\u0259 siyasi h\u00fcquqlar haqq\u0131nda Beyn\u0259lxalq Pakt (MSHBP) v\u0259 \u0130qtisadi, sosial v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlar haqq\u0131nda Beyn\u0259lxalq Pakt (\u0130SMHBP) q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir: h\u0259r iki s\u0259n\u0259d \u00dc\u0130HB-nd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n sayda d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ratifikasiya edildikd\u0259n sonra h\u0259r iki pakt 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minmi\u015fdir (AB\u015e MSHBP-\u0131 1992-ci ild\u0259 ratifikasiya etmi\u015fdir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130SMHBP 155 \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259n iqtisadi, sosial v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n fiziki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 verilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O vaxtdan etibar\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 bir \u00e7ox dig\u0259r m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 t\u0259klif edilmi\u015fdir. Onlar, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 mexanizml\u0259ri kimi tan\u0131n\u0131rlar. \u018fn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlil\u0259ri is\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Soyq\u0131r\u0131m cinay\u0259tinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Konvensiya (1948-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f, 1951-ci ild\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minmi\u015fdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130rqi ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin b\u00fct\u00fcn formalar\u0131n\u0131n l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda Konvensiya (1966-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f, 1969-cu ild\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minmi\u015fdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131\u2010se\u00e7kiliyin b\u00fct\u00fcn formalar\u0131n\u0131n l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda Konvensiya (1981-ci ild\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minmi\u015fdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259 \u0259leyhin\u0259 BMT Konvensiyas\u0131 (1984-c\u00fc ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f, 1984-c\u00fc ild\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minmi\u015fdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u015faq h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131 (1989-cu ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f, 1989-cu ild\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minmi\u015fdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn miqrant i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ail\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259rinin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si haqq\u0131nda BMT Konvensiyas\u0131 (1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Beyn\u0259lxalq Cinay\u0259t M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin Roma Statutu (BCM) (2002-ci ild\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minmi\u015fdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lakin tarixin b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259n qanl\u0131 soyq\u0131r\u0131m v\u0259 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rin q\u0259bul etdiyi bu q\u0259rarlar ilkin olaraq \u00f6zl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n pozulmaqdad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131 min illikl\u0259r boyu idar\u0259 etmi\u015f t\u00fcrkl\u0259r he\u00e7 bir topluma qar\u015f\u0131 qanl\u0131 cinay\u0259tl\u0259r t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki T\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Tanr\u0131 Yer k\u00fcr\u0259dsini v\u0259 orada ya\u015fayan xalqlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u0259 \u0259man\u0259t etmi\u015fdir. Bu g\u00fcn b\u0259zi q\u00f6vml\u0259rin hiyl\u0259 v\u0259 x\u0259yan\u0259tl\u0259ri hesab\u0131na T\u00fcrk seyr\u00e7i durumdad\u0131r. \u018frazil\u0259ri, saylar\u0131, h\u0259tta d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri bel\u0259 ki\u00e7ildil\u0259r\u0259k, onu B\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fckd\u0259n t\u0259crid etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. S\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fcks\u0259n, T\u00fcrk, qalxsan d\u00fcnya yen\u0259 ayaqlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir xal\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u0259c\u0259kdir…<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Biz\u0259 \u0130nsan haqlar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259d\u0259n Avropada XX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda y\u0259hudi-a\u015fkenazlara qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n bu cinay\u0259t kadrlar\u0131n\u0131 izl\u0259yin. Bu fa\u015fizm bir erm\u0259ni xisl\u0259tidir v\u0259 bu xisl\u0259t onu XXI \u0259sr\u0259d\u0259k s\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcb g\u0259tirdi v\u0259 bu cinay\u0259tl\u0259r madam Avropan\u0131n raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131yla ba\u015f verdi. Unutmmay\u0131n…
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